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Before SGML was a creature of the ISO, it was a project involving the
main industry players driven by requirements of the U.S. Department of
Defense. I don't remember all of them, but I know that Charles
Goldfarb was a main member of the group, and that IBM was also heavily
involved.
Originally, it was said that XML involved "about 80%" of the SGML
standard, with the other 20% being less used but creating complexity.
Over a very short time, XML began to be extended in many directions,
as we are familiar today. That was a result of finding new ways to use
structured information.
For example, the pre-existing EDI (electronic data interchange)
business is now all but dead. Before XML, EDI was a specialization of
a few industry players, who charged very large fees to connect two
legacy IT systems electronically, usually between vendor and customer.
With XML, so long as the information on both ends is structured, it is
relatively trivial to get them to meaningfully be connected.
Because of the designed-in extensibility, new uses are constantly
showing up. In fact, there are many uses in which XML is used for
interprocess communications within a single information system--and
not dealing with "documents" as we would normally think of them at
all.
To me, therefore, the entire XML area has become complex enough that
it is difficult for newcomers to master--much more so than SGML, I'd
agree--but that at some point most individuals find that portion of
the topic that they can and will employ.
As the tools mature, it should be increasingly easy for less-educated
users to create properly structured docs.
For the benefit of those who might only now be getting into structured
information, the primary organization involved is OASIS
(www.oasis-open.org). The most up-to-date listing of resources is
found on the Cover Pages, hosted by OASIS.
David
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